Lushootseed Grammar
Lesson One: dəčuʔ
Choral Repetition
1.1
stab əw̓ə tiʔiɬ.
What is that? (What could that be?)
spaʔc tiʔiɬ.
That is a bear.
1.2
sqigʷəc tiʔiɬ.
That is a deer.
1.3
sʔuladxʷ tiʔiɬ.
That is a salmon.
1.4
bəščəb tiʔiɬ.
That is a mink.
Sound Drill I: ɬ q xʷ
ɬ: ɬuɬaɬlil čəɬ ʔi tsiʔiɬ sɬaɬədəyʔ ʔal tudiʔ.
That girl and I will live over there.
q: ʔuqada tə dqəqsiʔ ʔə tə qəlx̌.
My favorite uncle stole the salmon eggs.
xʷ: ʔuxʷit̓il tə sxʷət dxʷal tə xʷudad.
The thrush fell into the ashes.
Contrasts
xʷuyub
sell
huyud
make it
xʷudad
ashes
hudud
burn it
Lesson Two: saliʔ
New Vocabulary
| Lushootseed | English |
|---|---|
| diʔayucid (NL) | the other side (of a road/path) |
| diʔucid (NL) | the other side (or a river/lake) |
| šəgʷɬ | road, path; door |
| tə | the, a |
| stuləkʷ | river |
| ʔal | located in, on, at; of |
Choral Repetition
2.1
stab əw̓ə tiʔiɬ ʔal tə stuləkʷ.
What is that in the river?
sʔuladxʷ tiʔiɬ.
That is a salmon.
2.2
stab əw̓ə tiʔiɬ ʔal tə šəgʷɬ.
What is that in/on the road?
sqigʷəc tiʔiɬ.
That is a deer.
2.3
stab əw̓ə tiʔiɬ diʔucid ʔal tə stuləkʷ.
What is that on the other side of the river?
bəščəb tiʔiɬ.
That is a mink.
2.4
stab əw̓ə tiʔiɬ diʔayucid ʔal tə šəgʷɬ.
What is that on the other side of the road?
spaʔc tiʔiɬ.
That is a bear.
Lesson Three: ɬixʷ
New Vocabulary
| Lushootseed | English |
|---|---|
| bad | father |
| bədaʔ (NL) | one's own child |
| bədəʔ (SL) | one's own child |
| č̓ač̓as (NL) | child, youngster |
| č̓ač̓aš (SL) | child, youngster |
| č̓it | near |
| d- | my |
| diɬ | he, she, it is |
| gʷat | who |
| sk̓ʷuy | mother |
| sɬadəyʔ | woman |
| ti | the particular (one) |
| tiʔaʔ | here, close by |
| tiʔəʔ (NL) | this |
| tiʔiɬ | that |
| tsi | the particular (one)(feminie) |
| tsiʔiɬ | that (feminine) |
| stubš | man |
| tudiʔ | over there |
Choral Repetition A
3.1
gʷat əw̓ə tiʔiɬ stubš ʔal tudiʔ.
Who is that man over there?
diɬ dbad tiʔiɬ.
That is my father. (Literally, He is my father, that (one).)
3.2
gʷat əw̓ə tiʔiɬ sɬadəy ʔal tudiʔ.
Who is that woman over there?
diɬ dsk̓ʷuy tsiʔiɬ.
That woman is my mother.
3.3
gʷat əw̓ə tiʔiɬ č̓ač̓as ʔal tudiʔ.
Who is that child over there?
diɬ dbədaʔ tiʔiɬ.
That child is my son.
3.4
gʷat əw̓ə tsiʔiɬ č̓ač̓as ʔal tudiʔ.
Who is that child over there?
diɬ dbədaʔ tsiʔiɬ.
That child is my daughter.
Choral Repetition B
B3.1
gʷat əw̓ə ti stubš ʔal tiʔaʔ.
Who is the man right here?
diɬ dbad tiʔəʔ
He is my father, (this one).
B3.2
gʷat əw̓ə tsi sɬadəyʔ ʔal tiʔaʔ.
Who is the woman right here?
diɬ dsk̓ʷuy tsiʔəʔ.
She is my mother, (this one).
B3.3
gʷat əw̓ə ti č̓ač̓as ʔal tiʔaʔ.
Who is the child right here?
diɬ dbədaʔ tiʔəʔ.
He is my son, (this one).
gʷat əw̓ə tsi č̓ač̓as ʔal tiʔaʔ.
Who is the child right here?
B3.4
diɬ dbədaʔ tsiʔəʔ.
She is my daughter, (this one).
Sound Drill II: č̓ k̓ʷ
č̓: č̓əɬ
tear, pull from
č: čəɬ
we
k̓ʷ: k̓ʷədad
forecast weather
kʷ: kʷədad
take it
č̓: ʔuč̓axʷč̓axʷatəb ʔə tə č̓ač̓as ʔə tə sč̓asč̓asəd.
The boy repeatedly hit it with branches.
k̓ʷ: ʔuk̓ʷaɬatəb ʔə tsi dsk̓ʷuy tsi k̓ʷak̓ʷt̓ad.
My mother examined the tiny mouse.
Lesson Four: buus
New Vocabulary
| Lushootseed | English |
|---|---|
| ad- | your |
| čad | where |
| čəgʷas (NL) | wife |
| čəgʷaš (SL) | wife |
| ʔuč̓aʔa | play(ing) |
| sč̓istxʷ | husband |
| diʔadiʔ | other room, other end of the room |
| sə (NL) | particular one |
| šə (SL) | particular one |
| ʔuyayus | work(ing) |
| ʔalʔal | house |
| ʔəsʔitut | sleep(ing) |
| ʔuʔukʷukʷ (NL) | play(ing) |
Choral Repetition
4.1
čad t(i) adbad.
Where is your father?
ʔuyayus ti dbad ʔal tudiʔ.
My father is working over there.
ʔuyayus ʔal tudiʔ.
He is working over there.
4.2
čad ts(i) adsk̓ʷuy.
Where is your mother?
ʔuyayus tsi dsk̓ʷuy ʔal ti ʔalʔal.
My mother is working at the house.
ʔuyayus ʔal ti ʔalʔal.
She is working at the house.
4.3
čad ts(i) adbədaʔ
Where is your daughter?
ʔuʔukʷʔukʷ tsi dbədaʔ ʔal ti ʔalʔal.
My daughter is playing at the house.
ʔuʔukʷʔukʷ ʔal ti ʔalʔal.
She is playing at the house.
4.4
čad t(i) adbədaʔ.
Where is your son?
ʔuʔukʷʔukʷ ti dbədaʔ č̓it ʔal ti ʔalʔal.
My son is playing close to the house.
ʔuʔukʷʔukʷ č̓it ʔal ti ʔalʔal.
He is playing close to the house.
4.5
čad t(i) adsč̓istxʷ
Where is your husband?
ʔəsʔitut ti dsč̓istxʷ diʔadiʔ.
My husband is sleeping in the other room
ʔəsʔitut diʔadiʔ.
He is sleeping in the other room.
4.6
čad ts(i) adčəgʷas.
Where is your wife?
ʔəsʔitut tsi dčəgʷas diʔadiʔ.
My wife is sleeping in the other room.
ʔəsʔitut diʔadiʔ.
She is sleeping in the other room.
Lesson Five: cəlac
New Vocabulary
| Lushootseed | English |
|---|---|
| diʔabac | other side of a solid object |
| diʔalətxʷ | other side of a house or building (outside it) |
| səxʷgʷədil | chair |
| ʔəsgʷədil | sit(ting) |
| hikʷ | big |
| kʷi | remote, doubtful |
| pišpiš | cat |
| sqʷəbayʔ | dog |
| qʷəɬayʔ (NL) | log, stick |
| lətəyil (NL) | going upstream |
| lətayil (SL) | other room, other end of the room |
| st̓əkʷ̓ab (SL) | log, stick |
| ʔuʔəɬəd | eat(ing) |
Choral Repetition
5.1
čad kʷi sʔuladxʷ.
Where are the salmon?
lətəyil ʔal tə stuləkʷ.
They are going up (stream in) the river.
5.4
čad kʷi sqigʷəc.
Where is a deer?
lətəlawil diʔayucid ʔal tə šəgʷɬ.
It is running on the other side of the road.
5.3
čad kʷi spaʔc.
Where is a bear?
ʔuʔəɬəd diʔayucid ʔal tə šəgʷɬ.
It is eating on the other side of the road.
5.4
čad kʷi bəščəb.
Where is a mink?
ʔuʔəɬəd diʔayucid ʔal tə stuləkʷ.
It is eating on the other side of the river.
5.5
čad kʷi pišpiš.
Where is a (tom)cat?
ʔəsʔitut diʔabac ʔal tə səxʷgʷədil.
It is sleeping on the other side of the chair.
5.6
čad kʷi spaʔc.
Where is a bear?
ʔuʔəɬəd diʔabac ʔal tə hikʷ qʷəɬayʔ.
It is eating on the other side of the big log.
5.7
čad kʷi sqʷəbayʔ.
Where is a dog?
ʔəsʔitut diʔalətxʷ ʔal tə ʔalʔal.
It is sleeping on the other side of the house.
5.8
čad ti dbədaʔ.
Where is my son?
ʔuʔukʷukʷ diʔalətxʷ ʔal tə ʔalʔal.
He is playing on the other side of the house.
5.9
čad ti dsqʷəbayʔ.
Where is my dog?
ʔəsʔitut diʔalətxʷ ʔal tə ʔalʔal.
It is sleeping on the other side of the house.
Sound Drill III: qʷ
5.3
qʷ: qʷataš
lay it down
kʷ: kʷatač
climb
5.4
ʔuqʷəqʷutəb ʔə tə sqʷiqʷiqʷəbayʔ.
The puppies burst it.
Lesson Six: yəlaʔc
New Vocabulary
| Lushootseed | English |
|---|---|
| sdaʔ | name |
| -s | his, her, its, (their) |
| ʔə | of, by |
Choral Repetition
6.1
gʷat kʷ(i) adsdaʔ.
Who are you called? (i.e., What is your name?)
helen tə dsdaʔ
Helen I am called. (i.e., Helen is my name.)
6.2
gʷat kʷi sdaʔ ʔə tiʔiɬ stubš.
What is that man called?
hədli ti sdaʔs.
Henry he is called.
6.2
gʷat kʷi sdaʔ ʔə tsiʔiɬ sɬadəyʔ.
What is that woman called?
mali tsi sdaʔs.
Mary she is called.
6.4
gʷat kʷi sdaʔ ʔə t(i) adsč̓istxʷ.
Who is your husband called?
hədli ti sdaʔs.
Henry he is called.
6.4
gʷat kʷi sdaʔ ʔə ts(i) adčəgʷas.
Who is your wife called?
mali tsi sdaʔs.
Mary she is called.
Lesson Seven: c̓ukʷs
New Vocabulary
| Lushootseed | English |
|---|---|
| čəd | I, me |
| čəxʷ | you |
| dəwʔabš | Duwamish |
| dxʷliləp | Tulalip |
| puyaləp | Puyallup |
| sqʷaliʔ | Nisqually |
| tul̓- | from |
| tul̓čad | from where |
| tul̓ʔal | be from |
| swədəbš | Swinomish |
Choral Repetition
7.1
tul̓čad čəxʷ.
Where are you from?
tul̓ʔal čəd swədəbš.
I am from Swinomish.
7.2
tul̓čad tiʔiɬ stubš.
Where is that man from?
tul̓ʔal dxʷliləp.
He is from Tulalip.
7.3
tul̓čad tsiʔiɬ sɬadəyʔ.
Where is that woman from?
tul̓ʔal dəwʔabš.
She is from Duwamish.
7.4
tul̓čad ts(i) adčəgʷas.
Where is your wife from?
tul̓ʔal puyaləp.
She is from Puyallup.
7.5
tul̓čad t(i) adsč̓istxʷ.
Where is your husband from?
tul̓ʔal sqʷaliʔ.
He is from Nisqually.
Sound Drill IV: c̓
7.4
c̓: sc̓apac
willow tree
c: scapaʔ
grandfather
c̓: c̓əlalikʷ
win
c: celak
five
7.5
ʔəsc̓əx̌c̓əx̌ tiʔəʔ c̓ukʷs sʔic̓əb gʷəɬ tiʔəʔ ʔəsc̓ud stubš.
The seven blankets of this weak fellow are all worn out.
Lesson Eight: təqačiʔ
New Vocabulary
| Lushootseed | English |
|---|---|
| -ac | tree, bush |
| čələp | you folks |
| čəlqʷubəʔac | blackcap bush |
| čəɬ | we, us |
| dᶻətgʷadac (Sk) | salmonberry bush |
| skʷagʷičəd | elk |
| skʷəxʷic (SL) | silver salmon |
| skʷxʷic (Snoh.) | silver salmon |
| dxʷləbiʔ | Lummi |
| pastəd | white person, Caucasian |
| sq̓əčqs (Sk) | silver salmon |
| sac̓əb (SL) | king salmon |
| stəgʷadac (Snoh., SL) | salmonberry bush |
| tudiʔ diʔi | way over there |
| xʷiʔ | no, not |
| xʷiʔ lə- | be not |
| yubəč (NL) | king salmon |
| ʔaciɬtalbixʷ | Indian |
| ʔi | yes |
| ʔu | question |
Choral Repetition A
8.1
ʔaciɬtalbixʷ čəxʷ (ʔ)u.
Are you Indian?
ʔi. ʔaciɬtalbixʷ čəd.
Yes. I am Indian.
8.2
ʔaciɬtalbixʷ čələp (ʔ)u.
Are you folks Indian?
ʔi. ʔaciɬtalbixʷ čəɬ.
Yes. We are Indian.
8.3
ʔaciɬtalbixʷ (ʔ)u t(i) adsč̓istxʷ.
Is your husband Indian?
ʔi. ʔaciɬtalbixʷ ti dsč̓istxʷ.
Yes. My husband is Indian.
8.4
ʔaciɬtalbixʷ (ʔ)u ts(i) adčəgʷas.
Is your wife Indian?
ʔi. ʔaciɬtalbixʷ tsi dčəgʷas.
Yes. My wife is Indian.
8.5
ʔaciɬtalbixʷ (ʔ)u tiʔiɬ stubš ʔal tudiʔ diʔi.
Is that man way over there Indian?
ʔi. ʔaciɬtalbixʷ.
Yes. He is Indian.
8.6
ʔaciɬtalbixʷ (ʔ)u tisʔiɬ sɬadəyʔ ʔal tudiʔ diʔi.
Is that woman way over there Indian?
ʔi. ʔaciɬtalbixʷ.
Yes. She is Indian.
Choral Repetition B
B8.1
pastəd čəxʷ (ʔ)u.
Are you a whiteman?
xʷiʔ čəd ləpastəd.
I am not a whiteman.
ʔaciɬtalbixʷ čəd.
I am Indian.
B8.2
dxʷləbiʔ čəxʷ (ʔ)u.
Are you Lummi?
xʷiʔ čəd lədxʷləbiʔ.
I am not Lummi.
swədəbš čəd.
I am Swinomish.
B8.3
ʔaciɬtalbixʷ (ʔ)u t(i) adsč̓istxʷ.
Is your husband Indian?
xʷi ləʔaciɬtalbixʷ. pastəd tiʔiɬ.
He is not an Indian. He is a whiteman.
B8.4
dʷləbiʔ (ʔu) ts(i) adčəgʷas.
Is your wife Lummi?
xʷi ʔlədxʷləbiʔ. swədəbš tsiʔiɬ.
She is not Lummi. She is Swinomish.
B8.5
sqigʷəc ʔu tiʔiɬ ʔal tudiʔ diʔi.
Is that a deer over there?
xʷiʔ ləsqigʷəc. kʷagʷičəd tiʔiɬ.
That is not a deer. That is an elk.
B8.6
sq̓əčqs ʔu tiʔiɬ ʔal tə stuləkʷ.
Is that a silver salmon in the river?
xʷiʔ ləsq̓əčqs. yubəč tiʔiɬ.
It is not a silver salmon. That is a king salmon.
B8.7
dᶻətgʷadac ʔu tiʔiɬ ʔal tudiʔ.
Is that a salmonberry bush over there?
xʷi lədᶻətgʷadac. čəlqʷubəʔac tiʔiɬ.
It is not a salmonberry bush. That is a blackcap bush.
Sound Drill V: q̓
8.5
q̓: q̓əlb
camp/stay over night
q: qəlb
rain
q̓: sq̓ədᶻuʔ
hair
q: sqədᶻuʔ
squirrel
8.5
ʔuq̓ilid tə q̓ič sa̓axʷ dxʷʔal tə q̓il̓bid.
He loaded the expensive ice into the car.
Lesson Nine: x̌ʷəl
New Vocabulary
| Lushootseed | English |
|---|---|
| -a | and (added only to čəd, čəxʷ, čəɬ čələp) |
| -axʷ | See 9.5 |
| bəčgʷil | lie down |
| čal (NL) | how |
| cay (SL) | very |
| cəwəɬ (SL) | hunger |
| čələpa | and you folks |
| čəxʷa | and you |
| cick̓ʷ (NL) | very |
| -əxʷ | See 9.5 |
| haʔkʷ | long (time); ago |
| -həxʷ | See 9.5 |
| hiqab | excessively, too |
| hiwil | go ahead |
| hudabac | warm (body) |
| ɬi | This word often replaces čələp when telling a group of people to do something. |
| ɬu- | See 11.7 |
| ƛ̓ax̌ | (feel) cold |
| ƛ̓ubil | well, fine, OK, good |
| ƛ̓uxʷil | cold object; (feel) cold (SL) |
| piit | bed, modern kind |
| qa | a lot, much, many |
| qaʔkʷ | rest |
| qʷu(ʔ)qʷaʔ | drik |
| tagʷəxʷ (NL) | hungry |
| taqʷuʔ | thirst |
| təqad | close it |
| xʷak̓ʷil | tired |
| x̌əɬ | sick |
| x̌id (SL) | how |
| ʔəɬəd | eat |
| ʔəƛ̓a(həxʷ) | come on (now) |
| ʔəs- | See 9.4 |
| ʔəx̌id (NL) | how |
Choral Repetition A
9.1
ʔəsčal čəxʷ.
How are you?
ʔəsx̌əɬ čəd. cick̓ʷ čəd ʔəsx̌əɬ.
I'm sick. I'm very sick.
9.2
ʔəsčal čəxʷ.
How are you?
ʔəsƛ̓ubil čəd. cick̓ʷ čəd ʔəsƛ̓ubil.
I'm fine. I'm very well.
9.3
ʔəsčaləxʷ čəxʷ.
How are you?
ʔəstagʷəxʷ čəd. cick̓ʷ čəd ʔəstagʷəxʷ.
I'm hungry. I'm very hungry.
hiwil, ʔəɬədaxʷ.
Go, eat.
9.4
ʔəsčaləxʷ čəxʷ.
How are you?
əstaqʷuʔ čəd. cick̓ʷ čəd ʔəstaqʷuʔ.
I'm thirsty. I'm very thirsty.
hiwil, qʷu(ʔ)qʷaʔəxʷ.
Go, drink.
9.5
ʔəsčaləxʷ čəxʷ.
How are you?
ʔəsƛ̓ax̌ čəd. cick̓ʷ čəd ʔəsƛ̓ax̌.
I'm cold. I'm very cold.
hiwiləxʷ čəxʷa təqad tə šəgʷɬ.
Go (ahead) and (you) close the door.
9.6
ʔəsčaləxʷ čəxʷ.
How are you now?
ʔəsxʷak̓ʷil čəd. cick̓ʷ čəd ʔəsxʷak̓ʷil.
I'm tired. I'm very tired.
bəčagʷil čəxʷa qaʔkʷ ʔal t(ə) adpiit.
Lie down and rest on your bed.
Choral Repetition B
9.1b
ʔəsčal čələp.
How are you folks?
ʔəsx̌əɬ čəɬ. hiqab čəɬ ʔuʔəɬəd.
We are sick. We ate too much.
9.2b
ʔəsčal čələp.
How are you folks?
əsx̌əɬ čəɬ. hiqab čəɬ ʔuqʷu(ʔ)qʷu(ʔ)qʷaʔ.
We are sick. We drank too much.
9.3b
ʔəsčal čələp.
How are you folks?
ʔəsƛ̓ubil čəɬ. cick̓ʷ čəɬ ʔəsƛ̓ubil.
We are fine. We are very well.
9.4
ʔəsčaləx̌ čələp.
How are you folks now?
ʔəsxʷak̓il čəɬ. hiqab čəɬ ʔuyayus.
We are tired. We worked too much.
bəčagʷil čələpa qaʔkʷ.
You folks lie down and rest.
9.5
ʔəsčaləx̌ čələp.
How are you folks now?
ʔəstagʷəxʷ čəɬ. cick̓ʷ čəɬ ʔəstagʷəxʷ.
We are hungry. We are very hungry.
ʔəƛ̓ahəxʷ ɬi. ɬuʔəɬəd čəɬ.
Come on you folks. Let's eat.
9.6
ʔəsčaləx̌ čələp.
How are you folks now?
ʔəstaqʷuʔ čəɬ. cick̓ʷ čəɬ ʔəstaqʷuʔ.
We are thirsty. We are very thirsty.
ʔəƛ̓a(hə)xʷ ɬi. ɬuqʷu(ʔ)qʷaʔ čəɬ.
Come on you folks. Let's drink.
Sound Drill VI: ƛ̓ x̌
9.6
ƛ̓al̓ čəd b(ə)asƛ̓ubil.
I'm fine too.
9.7
ʔux̌ibx̌ibic ti x̌ik̓ʷ x̌ibx̌ib.
The mean hawk clawed me.
9.8
x̌: x̌ədx̌ədačiʔ
push hands away
h: hədhədačiʔ
warming hands
x̌: x̌ik̓ʷ
mean, ugly
h: hikʷ
big
Lesson Ten: x̌ʷəl
New Vocabulary
| Lushootseed | English |
|---|---|
| -ač | head (in SL); crest (or topknot of a bird), hackles (of a dog) (in both NL and SL) |
| -ačiʔ | hand(s), forearm(s) |
| gʷəl | and, then, next |
| ǰiq̓aladᶻəd (NL) | set nets |
| lil | far |
| ɬax̌ | night |
| ɬičaʔalikʷ (SL) | set nets |
| sqa | older brother or older sister; son or daughter of a parent's older brother of older sister |
| -qid | head (in NL); top, summit (in both NL and SL) |
| suq̓ʷaʔ | younger brother or younger sister; son or daughter of a parent's younger brother or younger sister |
| -šad | foot/feet, lower leg(s) |
| tib | strong; much physical effort |
| tu- | past, distant past |
| -ulč | container; belly |
| ʔibəš | walk, travel by land (versus ʔuluɬ 'travel by water') |
Choral Repetition A
10.1
ʔəsčaləx̌ t(i) adsqa.
How is your older brother (now)?
cick̓ʷəxʷ (ʔ)əxʷsʔitutəb.
He is very sleepy (now).
ʔuǰiq̓aladᶻəd [ʔal ti] tuɬax̌.
He set nets last night.
10.2
ʔəsčaləxʷ ts(i) adsqa.
How is your older sister (now)?
cick̓ʷəxʷ (ʔ)əxʷsʔitutəb.
She is very sleepy (now).
ʔuyayus [ʔal ti] tuɬax̌.
She worked last night.
10.3
ʔəsčaləxʷ t(i) adsuq̓ʷaʔ.
How is your younger brother (now)?
cick̓əxʷ (ʔ)əsxʷak̓ʷil.
He is very tired (now).
ʔuʔukʷukʷ ʔə tə tib, gʷə(l) ləɬax̌il.
He played hard and evening came.
10.4
ʔəsčaləxʷ ts(i) adsuq̓ʷaʔ.
How is your younger sister (now)?
cick̓ʷ (ʔ)əsxʷak̓ʷil.
She is very tired.
ʔuʔukʷukʷ ʔə tə tib, gʷə(l) ləɬax̌il.
She played hard and evening came.
10.1b
ʔəsčaləx̌ čəx̌.
How are you (now)?
ʔəsx̌(ə)ɬadač čəd.
I have a stomach ache.
hiqab čəd ʔuʔəɬəd.
I ate too much.
10.2b
ʔəsčaləx̌ čəx̌.
How are you (now)?
əsx̌əɬqid čəd.
I have a headache.
hiqab čəd ʔuqʷu(ʔ)qʷaʔ.
I drank too much.
10.3b
ʔəsčaləx̌ čəx̌.
How are you (now)?
ʔəsx̌əɬx̌(ə)ɬačiʔ čəd.
I have sore hands. [Or: My hands hurt.]
hiqab čəd ʔuyayus ʔə tə haʔkʷ.
I worked too long.
10.4b
ʔəsčaləx̌ čəx̌.
How are you (now)?
ʔəsx̌əɬx̌əɬšad čəd.
I have sore feet. [Or: My feet hurt.]
hiqab čəd ʔuʔibəš ʔə tə lil.
I walked too far.
Sound Drill VII: q̓ʷ
10.11
q̓ʷ: q̓ʷuʔ
gather
k̓ʷ: k̓ʷuʔ
endearing way of addressing girl or younger woman (in SL)
10.12
qʷ: qʷu
(fresh) water
q̓ʷ: q̓ʷibid
unload it
qʷ: qʷibid
fix it
10.13
ʔəsq̓ʷq̓ʷuʔadbid čəd ti sq̓ʷix̌ʷ.
I room with the Negro.
Lesson Eleven: ʔulub ʔi ti d(ə)č̓uʔ
New Vocabulary
| Lushootseed | English |
|---|---|
| bayac (SL) | meat |
| biac (NL) | meat |
| čadᶻ | hide |
| ɬixʷilc | three dollars |
| ɬu- | anticipated, expected or possible (event) |
| sq̓ʷəlaɬəd | berry, fruit |
| šabalikʷ | dry(ing) |
| talə | money |
| xʷiʔ | no, not |
| ʔa | there exists |
| ʔabšic (SL) | give me |
| ʔabyic (NL) | give me |
| sʔax̌uʔ | butter clam, clam in general |
Choral Repetition A
11.1
ʔa ʔu kʷ(i) adbiac.
Do you have (any) meat?
ʔi. ʔa ti dbiac.
Yes. I have (some) meat.
11.2
ʔa ʔu kʷ(i) adsʔuladxʷ.
Do you have (any) salmon?
ʔi. ʔa ti dsʔuladxʷ.
Yes. I have (some) salmon.
11.3
ʔa ʔu kʷ(i) adsʔax̌ʷuʔ.
Do you have (any) clams?
ʔi. ʔa ti dsʔax̌ʷuʔ.
Yes. I have (some) clams.
11.4
ʔa ʔu kʷ(i) adsq̓ʷəlaɬəd.
Do you have (any) berries.
ʔi. ʔa ti dsq̓ʷəlaɬəd.
Yes. I have (some) berries.
11.5
ʔa ʔu kʷ(i) adtalə.
Do you have (any) money?
ʔi. ʔa ti dtaʔtalə.
Yes. I have a little money.
ʔabyic ʔə kʷi ɬixʷilc.
Give me $3.00.
xʷiʔ!
No!
Choral Repetition B
11.1b
ʔa ʔu kʷ(i) adbiac.
Do you have (any) meat?
ʔi. qa ti dbiac. ɬušabalikʷ čəd.
Yes. I have a lot of meat. I'll (have to) dry it.
11.2b
ʔa ʔu kʷ(i) adsʔuladxʷ.
Do you have (any) salmon?
ʔi. qa ti dsʔulaxʷ. ɬušabalikʷ čəd.
Yes. I have a lot of salmon. I'll (have to) dry it.
11.3b
ʔa ʔu kʷ(i) adsʔax̌ʷuʔ.
Do you have (any) clams?
ʔi. qa ti dsʔax̌uʔ. ɬušabalikʷ čəd.
Yes. I have a lot of clams. I'll (have to) dry them.
11.4b
ʔa ʔu kʷ(i) adsq̓ʷəlaɬəd.
Do you have (any) berries?
ʔi. qa ti dsq̓ʷəlaɬəd. ɬušabalikʷ čəd.
Yes. I have a lot of berries. I'll (have to) dry them.
11.5b
ʔa ʔu kʷ(i) adtalə.
Do you have (any) money?
ʔi. qa ti dtalə. ɬučadᶻ čəd ti dtalə.
Yes. I have a lot of money. I'll (have to) hide my money.
Sound Drill VIII: x̌ʷ
11.8
x̌ʷ: x̌ʷəcəb
sharp, tart
xʷ: xʷəcəd
take it off
x̌ʷ: x̌ʷəƛ̓t
pillow
xʷ: xʷəƛ̓
break (rigid object) in two
ʔəsx̌ʷil̓ ti x̌ʷəl sx̌ʷiƛ̓əyʔ.
Nine mountain goats are lost.
Lesson Twelve: ʔulub ʔi ti saliʔ
New Vocabulary
| Lushootseed | English |
|---|---|
| c̓əbəb (NL) | pick berries/fruit |
| -iluɬ | go in order to... |
| kʷili(l) (SL) | pick berries/fruit |
| ɬəx̌ʷub (Snohomish, SL) | hunt in forests or mountains |
| šayil (Skagit) | hunt in forests of mountains |
| xʷiʔxʷiʔ | hunt for/gather food (of any sort) |
| syəcəb | news, report |
| sʔušəbabdxʷ | poor |
Choral Repetition A
12.1
ʔa ʔu kʷ(i) adbiac.
Do you have (any) meat?
xʷiʔ. xʷiʔ kʷi dbiac.
No. I don't have (any) meat.
ɬušayil čəd ʔə kʷi sqigʷəc.
I'll (have to) go hunting for deer.
12.2
ʔa ʔu kʷ(i) adsʔuladxʷ.
Do you have (any) salmon?
xʷiʔ. xʷiʔ kʷi dsʔuladxʷ.
No. I don't have (any) salmon.
ɬuxʷiʔxʷiʔ čəd ʔə kʷi yubəč.
I'll (have to) fish for king salmon.
12.3
ʔa ʔu kʷ(i) adsʔax̌ʷuʔ.
Do you have (any) clams?
xʷiʔ. xʷiʔ kʷi dsʔax̌uʔ
No. I don't have (any) clams.
ɬuʔax̌uʔiluɬ čəd.
I'll (have to) go clamming.
12.4
ʔa ʔu kʷ(i) adsq̓ʷəlaɬəd.
Do you have (any) berries?
xʷiʔ. xʷiʔ kʷi dsq̓ʷəlaɬəd.
No. I don't have (any) berries.
ɬuc̓əbəbiluɬ čəd ʔə kʷi dᶻətgʷad.
I'll (have to) go (berry) picking for salmonberries.
12.5
ʔa ʔu kʷ(i) adtalə.
Do you have (any) money?
xʷiʔ. xʷiʔ kʷi dtalə.
No. I don't have (any) money.
cick̓ʷ čəd sʔušəbabdxʷ. ɬuyayus čəd.
I am very poor. I'll (have to) work.
This short 'conversation' is used by many groups in the Puet Sound region as a kind of greeting:
qa ʔu kʷ(i) adsyəcəb.
What's new?
xʷi. xʷi kʷi dsyəcəb.
Nothing. Nothing new.
sʔušəbabdxʷ čəd.
I am poor.
ʔulub ʔi ti ɬixʷ - Numbers
dəč̓uʔ
one
saliʔ
two
ɬixʷ
three
buus
four
cəlac
five
yəlaʔc
six
c̓ukʷs
seven
təqačiʔ
eight
x̌ʷəl
nine
ʔulub
ten
ʔulub ʔi kʷi d(ə)č̓uʔ
eleven
ʔulub ʔi kʷi saliʔ
twelve
saliʔačiʔ
twenty
saliʔači ʔi kʷi d(ə)č̓uʔ
twenty-one
saliʔači ʔi kʷi saliʔ
twenty-two
sɬixʷačiʔ
thirty
sbuusačiʔ
forty
scəlacačiʔ
fifty
yəlaʔcačiʔ
sixty
c̓ukʷsačiʔ
seventy
təqačiʔačiʔ
eighty
x̌ʷəlačiʔ
ninety
dəčuʔ sbək̓ačiʔ
one hundred
dəčuʔ sbək̓ačiʔi kʷi d(ə)č̓uʔ
one hundred and one
ʔulub ʔi kʷi x̌ʷəl sbək̓ʷačʔ sdᶻəlč̓ ʔi kʷi sc̓uk̓ʷsačiʔ ʔi kʷi cəlac.
ten and nine hundred years and seventy and five (1975)
Lesson Thirteen: ʔulub ʔi ti ɬixʷ
New Vocabulary
| Lushootseed | English |
|---|---|
| -alps | animal, especially domesticated or economically important |
| -alʔtxʷ | house, buiding (compare -alətxʷ, 'outside' or 'other side of a house' |
| bək̓ʷ | all |
| cəb- | two of ..., second (compare saliʔ). |
| sdᶻəladəb (SL) | year |
| sdᶻəlč̓ (NL) | year |
| sgʷaʔ | own |
| -gʷiɬ | canoe |
| -ilc | money, curved objects |
| k̓ʷid | how many?, how much? |
| ƛ̓əlayʔ | shovel-nose canoe |
| spəču (Snohomish) | cedar-root basket |
| stiqiw | horses |
| syalt (SL) | cedar-root basket |
| yiq̓us (Skagit) | cedar-root basket |
13.1
k̓ʷidilc kʷ(i) adtalə.
How much money do you have?
(də)č̓əʔilc ti dtalə.
I have one dollar.
s(a)liʔilc ti dtalə.
I have two dollars.
ɬixʷilc ti dtalə.
I have three dollars.
buusilc ti dtalə.
I have four dollars.
13.2
k̓ʷidulč kʷ(i) adsgʷaʔ adyiq̓us.
How many (cedar-root) baskets do you own?
dəč̓aʔulč ti dsgʷaʔ.
I own one (container).
saliʔulč ti dsgʷaʔ.
I own two (containers).
ɬixʷulč ti dsgʷaʔ.
I own three (containers).
buusulč ti dsgʷaʔ.
I own four (containers).
13.3
k̓ʷid kʷ(i) adsgʷaʔ adstiqtiqiw.
How many horses do you own?
dəč̓ʔalps ti dsgʷaʔ.
I own one (animal).
saliʔalps ti dsgʷaʔ.
I own two (animals).
ɬixʷalps ti dsgʷaʔ.
I own three (animals).
buusalps ti dsgʷaʔ.
I own four (animals).
13.4
k̓ʷidgʷiɬ kʷ(i) adsgʷaʔ adƛ̓əlayʔ.
Ho many (shovel-nose) canoes do you own?
dəč̓ʔagʷiɬ ti dsgʷaʔ.
I own one (canoe).
cəbagʷiɬ ti dsgʷaʔ.
I own two (canoes).
ɬixʷalgʷiɬ ti dsgʷaʔ.
I own three (canoes).
buusalgʷiɬ ti dsgʷaʔ.
I own four (canoes).
13.5
k̓ʷidalʔtxʷ kʷ(i) adsgʷaʔ adʔalʔal.
How many houses do you own?
dəč̓əʔalʔtxʷ ti dsgʷaʔ.
I own one (house/building)
cəbalʔtxʷ ti dsgʷaʔ.
I own two (houses/buildings).
ɬixʷalʔtxʷ ti dsgʷaʔ.
I own three (houses/buildings).
buusalʔtxʷ ti dsgʷaʔ.
I own four (houses/buildings).
Sound Drill IX: uu
13.7
uu: sduukʷ
iron, knife
u: ʔəsdukʷ
not right, bad; fierce
Lesson Fourteen: ʔulub ʔi ti buus
New Vocabulary
| Lushootseed | English |
|---|---|
| -abac | solid object, body |
| čəx̌ | split |
| ʔiɬčəx̌ | half |
| -dat | twenty-four hour period, day |
| -əladxʷ | year |
| -əɬdat | twenty-four hour period, day |
| -gʷas | pair |
| p̓əɬq̓ʷ | after (in time or space) |
| t̓agʷt | on top, noon |
Choral Repetition A
14.1
k̓ʷidəladxʷ(əxʷ) čəxʷ.
How old are you?
ʔulub čəd ʔi ti x̌ʷəl.
I am nineteen.
14.2
k̓ʷidəladxʷ(əxʷ) čəxʷ.
How old are you?
saliʔačiʔ čəd ʔi ti dəč̓uʔ.
I am twenty-one.
14.3
k̓ʷidəladxʷ(əxʷ) čəxʷ.
How old are you?
ɬixʷačiʔ čəd ʔi ti təqačiʔ.
I am thirty-eight.
Choral Repetition B
B14.1
k̓ʷidəɬdat tiʔəʔ sləx̌il.
What day is this day?
scəbdat.
Tuesday. (Second day)
B14.2
k̓ʷidəɬdat tiʔəʔ sləx̌il.
What day is this day?
sɬixʷəɬdat.
Wednesday. (Third day)
B14.3
k̓ʷidəɬdat tiʔəʔ sləx̌il.
What day is this day?
sbuusəɬdat.
Thursday. (Fourth day)
Choral Repetition C
C14.1
ʔaləxʷ k̓ʷid.
What time is it? (How many (hours)?)
p̓əɬq̓ʷ ʔə tə t̓agʷt.
After (twelve) noon.
C14.2
ʔaləxʷ k̓ʷid.
What time is it? (How many (hours)?)
saliʔəxʷ ʔi tə ʔiɬčəx̌.
Half past two.
C14.3
ʔaləxʷ k̓ʷid.
What time is it? (How many (hours)?)
buusəxʷ ʔi tə ʔiɬčəx̌.
Half past four.
Choral Repetition D
D14.1
k̓ʷidid kʷi ʔaciɬtalbixʷ.
How many people are there?
diič̓uʔ.
One person.
D14.2
k̓ʷidid kʷi ʔaciɬtalbixʷ.
How many people are there?
səsaʔliʔ.
Two people
D14.3
k̓ʷidid kʷi ʔaciɬtalbixʷ.
How many people are there?
ɬixʷixʷ
Three people.
bəbuʔs.
Four people.
cələlac.
Five people.
yələlaʔc.
Six people.
c̓ukʷukʷs.
Seven people.
təqqačiʔ.
Eight people.
x̌ʷələl.
Nine people.
ʔululub.
Ten people.
Sound Drill X: p̓ t̓ ii
14.8
p̓: qəp̓
alight, land
p: qəp
foolish
14.9
t̓: t̓əqad
stick it on
t: təqad
close it
14.10
ii: diič̓uʔ
one person
i: didč̓uʔ
solitary, one small thing
14.11
ʔəsp̓usəb tə ʔəsp̓il p̓uayʔ.
The flat flounder is floating.
14.12
ƛ̓ut̓ičib ti st̓əqxʷ ʔal ti pə(d)t̓əs.
The beaver would swim in the winter.
Lesson Fifteen: ʔulub ʔi ti cəlac
New Vocabulary
| Lushootseed | English |
|---|---|
| -b | get/be involved in doing something |
| sc̓əq (SL) | fermented salmon eggs |
| duʔayus (NL) | fermented salmon eggs |
| suhuy | doing/making; finishing |
| huyəq | gill net |
| skʷawəl̓ (SL) | steelhead |
| -ləp | your (plural) |
| sɬuʔəb (Skagit) | dog salmon |
| ƛ̓əxʷayʔ (SL) | dog salmon |
| ƛ̓xʷayʔ (Snohomish) | dog salmon |
| ƛ̓uc̓ič | tie/knot net webbing |
| ƛ̓ux̌ʷƛ̓ux̌ʷ | oyster |
| p̓ayəq | hew/carve a canoe |
| qiw̓x̌ (NL) | steelhead |
| sx̌əp̓ab | cockles |
| ?uləx̌ | obtain, gather |
Choral Repetition A
15.1
stab kʷ(i) adsuhuy.
What are you doing?
ʔušabalikʷ čəd ʔə tiʔəʔ sɬuʔəb.
I'm drying dog salmon.
15.2
stab kʷ(i) adsuhuy.
What are you doing?
ʔuʔəɬəd čəd ʔə tiʔəʔ duʔayus.
I'm eating fermented salmon eggs.
15.3
stab kʷ(i) adsuhuy.
What are you doing?
ʔuƛ̓uc̓ič čəd ʔə tiʔəʔ huyəq.
I'm making a gill net.
15.4
stab kʷ(i) adsuhuy.
What are you doing?
ʔup̓ayəq čəd ʔə tiʔəʔ ƛ̓əlayʔ.
I'm making a shovel-nose canoe.
Choral Repetition B
B15.1
stab kʷ(i) suhuyləp.
What are you folks doing?
ʔušabalikʷ čəɬ ʔə tiʔəʔ sɬuʔəb.
We are drying dog salmon.
B15.2
stab kʷ(i) suhuyləp.
What are you folks doing?
ʔuqʷuləčalikʷ čəɬ ʔə tiʔəʔ qiw̓x̌.
We are dip netting steelhead.
B15.3
stab kʷ(i) suhuyləp.
What are you folks doing?
ʔuʔax̌u(ʔ)b čəɬ ʔə tiʔəʔ sx̌əp̓ab.
We are getting (i.e., clamming) cockles.
B15.4
stab kʷ(i) suhuyləp.
What are you folks doing?
ʔuʔuləx̌ čəɬ ʔə tiʔəʔ ƛ̓ux̌ʷƛ̓ux̌ʷ.
We are gathering oysters.
Lesson Sixteen: ʔulub ʔi ti yəlaʔc
New Vocabulary
| Lushootseed | English |
|---|---|
| dᶻix̌ | break down, collapse; mechanical breakdown |
| dᶻix̌gʷiɬ | breakdown of a vehicle |
| kʷaxʷad | help someone |
| k̓ʷič̓id (Snohomish, SL) | butcher it, clean it |
| qʷibid | fix it, get it ready |
| q̓il̓bid | car |
| q̓ʷəx̌ʷəd (Skagit) | butcher it, clean it |
Choral Repetition
16.1
stab kʷ(i) adsuhuy.
What are you doing?
ʔukʷaxʷad čəd tsi dsk̓ʷuy.
I am helping my mother.
16.2
stab kʷ(i) adsuhuy.
What are you doing?
ʔuqʷibid čəd tiʔə(ʔ) dq̓il̓bid. ʔəsdᶻix̌gʷiɬ čəd.
I am fixing my car. It is broken down.
16.3
stab kʷ(i) adsuhuy.
What are you doing?
ʔuq̓ʷəx̌ʷəd čəd tiʔəʔ sqigʷəc.
I am butchering this deer.
16.4
stab kʷi suhuyləp.
What are you folks doing?
ʔukʷaxʷad čəɬ tiʔəʔ badčəɬ.
We are helping our father.
16.5
stab kʷi suhuyləp.
What are you folks doing?
ʔuqʷibid čəɬ tiʔəʔ ʔalʔalčəɬ.
We are fixing our house.
16.6
stab kʷi suhuyləp.
What are you folks doing?
ʔuq̓ʷəx̌əd čəɬ tiʔəʔ sʔuladxʷ.
We are cleaning salmon.
Lesson Seventeen: ʔulub ʔi ti c̓ukʷs
New Vocabulary
| Lushootseed | English |
|---|---|
| ləč̓əd | fill it |
Choral Repetition
17.1
stab kʷ(i) suhuy ʔə tiʔiɬ stubš ʔal tudi(ʔ) diʔi.
What is that may way over there doing?
ʔuqʷuləčalikʷ ʔəkʷi qiw̓x̌.
He is dip netting steelhead.
17.2
stabəxʷ kʷi suhuys.
What is he doing now?
ʔuq̓ʷəx̌ʷəd tiʔiɬ sq̓əčqs.
He is cleaning that silver salmon.
17.3
stab kʷi suhuy ʔə ti stubš ʔal tiʔaʔ.
What is this man right here doing?
ʔuƛ̓uc̓ič ʔə tiʔəʔ huyəq.
He is making a gill net.
17.4
stabəxʷ kʷi suhuys.
What is he doing now?
ʔuhuyəqəb ʔəkʷi qiw̓x̌
He is netting steelhead.
17.5
stab kʷi suhuy ʔə tsiʔiɬ sɬadəyʔ ʔal tudi(ʔ) diʔi.
What is that woman way over there doing?
ʔuc̓əbəb ʔə tiʔiɬ dᶻətgʷad.
She is picking salmonberries.
17.6
stabəxʷ kʷi suhuys. (no audio)
What is she doing now?
ʔuləč̓əd tə yiq̓us. (no audio)
She is filling the cedar-root basket.